What fundamental rights do we have as Indian citizens?

under it, Article 14 says that the state shall not deny to any person equality before the law within the territories of India. In India, we follow the structure of the “Rule of Law” which is a mixture of both equality before the law (british origin) and equal treatment of the law ( American origin). Equality before is a negative concept because it permits the reasonable classification of person, object, and transaction by law, but the transaction should not be arbitrary, artificial, or evasive. Rather, it should be based on intelligible differences and substantial distinctions.

 Article 15

says that the state shall not discriminate against any caste on the ground only of religion, race, caste, sex, or birthplace. This means discrimination on the basis of the above words is banned, and discrimination on other grounds is not prohibited. This article has a few exceptions :   

1.    The state is permitted to make special provisions for women and children.   

2.    The state is permitted to make special provisions for the advancement of any social and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the scheduled cast and scheduled tribes.   

 3.    The state is empowered to make any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for STs and STs regarding their admission to educational institutions, including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the state, except the minority educational institutions.   

 4.    The state is empowered to make any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker section of citizens.

Article 16:

it provides for equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters of employment or appointment to any office under the state.

Article 17:

it abolishes “untouchability” and forbids its practice in any form. And enforcement of any disability arising out of untouchability shall be an offense punishable in accordance with the law.

Article 18:

It abolishes titles and declares that states are prohibited from conferring any title on anybody, whether a citizen or a foreigner. Except for military or academic distinction. It prohibits only hereditary titles of nobility. Also, national awards or non-academic awards should not be used as suffixes or prefixes to the names of awardees. 

Article 19:

it guarantees to all citizens the six rights given below:   

1.    Right to freedom of speech and expression.

2. Right to assemble peaceably and without arms.

 3. Right to form associations or unions or co-operative societies.

4. Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.

5. Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.

6. Right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, or business.